format: Add L2TF implementation

(A spec might come later)

The Life2 Text Format (L2TF) is a ASCII-based file format that allows
the sharing of a Life2 board easily.  The format is designed to be easy
to parse by both machines and humans, as it is pretty natural,
reprensenting a grid as a set of lines.

As said in the beginning, the format is currently only defined in the
index.js file, however a specification will be done later (probably
during the week), for now, this is enough.

Currently, the format is composed of the following:

        CELL KIND       CHARACTER       UINT8 REPR

          EMPTY             .               0
          TEAM_A            a               1
          TEAM_B            b               2
          BARRIER           #               3

A grid is supposedly a set of lines composed of the aforementionned
characters, for illustration, a Boad like the following:

    const board = [[3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
                   [3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3],
                   [3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3],
                   [3, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3],
                   [3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3],
                   [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3]];  // 9x6

will be represented in the following file:

    (file: //.../board.l2tf)

    #########\n
    #.a....b#\n
    #.a.abbb#\n
    #..aabaa#\n
    #...bbb.#\n
    #########\n

The current implementation, in JavaScript, exposes only three elements:
two functions and a string-based C-like enumeration.
The API is really simple, only being based on the parse() and
stringify() methods.  JavaScript experts may recognize a similar pattern
as the standard JSON API available.

A typical user flow of the system may be:

    import * as Life2 from '@life2/game';
    import * as L2TF from '@life2/format';

    const game = new Life2.World(...);
    // ... init game

    // Save the current board state in a file to share it with others
    const curr = game.board.getGrid();
    const text = L2TF.stringify(curr);
    shareFile(new File(text));

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Paul <n@nc0.fr>

6 files changed, 439 insertions, 63 deletions

diff --git a/life2/format/LICENSE b/life2/format/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a4a3ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/life2/format/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
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diff --git a/life2/format/README.md b/life2/format/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/life2/format/README.md
diff --git a/life2/format/index.js b/life2/format/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82fe8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/life2/format/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Life2 Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * @license
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview A JavaScript implementation of the Life2 Text Format, to be
+ * used by applications with the @life2/game module to share and import game
+ * data.
+ *
+ * The Life2 Text Format, often abbreviated as L2TF, us a simple ASCII-based
+ * file format to represent a grid at a certain state/generation, allowing the
+ * sharing of game data between different applications.
+ * An illustration of a use-cse would be a user creating a game in a simulation,
+ * discovering it leads to a certain pattern, and then sharing the game data
+ * with other users, who can then import the game data into their own
+ * simulations and see for themselves the pattern.
+ *
+ * @package format
+ */
+
+import {Cell, Grid} from '@life2/game';
+
+/**
+ * The characters used to represent cells in the Life2 Text Format.
+ * @enum {string}
+ * @const
+ */
+export const TextCell = {
+  EMPTY: '.',
+  TEAM_A: 'a',
+  TEAM_B: 'b',
+  BARRIER: '#',
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse a Life2 Text Format string into a grid.
+ * @param {string} string The Life2 Text Format string to parse.
+ * @return {!Grid} The grid represented by the input string.
+ * @throws {Error} If the input string is not a valid Life2 Text Format string.
+ */
+export function parse(string) {
+  const parseCell = (char) => {
+    switch (char) {
+      case TextCell.EMPTY:
+        return Cell.EMPTY;
+      case TextCell.TEAM_A:
+        return Cell.TEAM_A;
+      case TextCell.TEAM_B:
+        return Cell.TEAM_B;
+      case TextCell.BARRIER:
+        return Cell.BARRIER;
+      default:
+        throw new Error('Invalid character');
+    }
+  };
+  return string.split('\n').map((row) => row.split('').map(parseCell));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a grid into a Life2 Text Format string.
+ * @param {!Grid} grid The grid to convert.
+ * @return {string} The Life2 Text Format string representing the input grid.
+ * @throws {Error} If the input grid is not a valid grid.
+ */
+export function stringify(grid) {
+  const stringifyCell = (cell) => {
+    switch (cell) {
+      case Cell.EMPTY:
+        return TextCell.EMPTY;
+      case Cell.TEAM_A:
+        return TextCell.TEAM_A;
+      case Cell.TEAM_B:
+        return TextCell.TEAM_B;
+      case Cell.BARRIER:
+        return TextCell.BARRIER;
+      default:
+        throw new Error('Invalid cell');
+    }
+  };
+  return grid.map((row) => row.map(stringifyCell).join('')).join('\n');
+}
diff --git a/life2/format/package.json b/life2/format/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..506eded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/life2/format/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+    "name": "@life2/format",
+    "version": "1.0.0",
+    "description": "Textual representation format of a Life2 board state.",
+    "keywords": [
+        "cellular",
+        "automaton",
+        "game",
+        "life"
+    ],
+    "homepage": "https://github.com/nc0fr/life2/tree/master/life2/format#readme",
+    "bugs": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/nc0fr/life2/issues",
+        "email": "n@nc0.fr"
+    },
+    "license": "Apache-2.0",
+    "author": "The Life2 Authors",
+    "contributors": [
+        "Nicolas Paul <n@nc0.fr> (https://nc0.fr)"
+    ],
+    "funding": {
+        "type": "individual",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nc0fr"
+    },
+    "browser": true,
+    "repository": {
+        "type": "git",
+        "url": "https://github.com/nc0fr/life2.git",
+        "directory": "life2/format"
+    },
+    "files": [
+        "LICENSE",
+        "README.md",
+        "index.js"
+    ],
+    "main": "./index.js",
+    "readme": "README.md",
+    "scripts": {
+        "lint": "eslint .",
+        "lint-fix": "eslint --fix .",
+        "fmt": "clang-format -i *.js",
+        "fmt-check": "clang-format --dry-run --Werror *.js"
+    },
+    "dependencies": {
+        "@life2/game": "1.0.0"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index d1d9e28..a4c63c2 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
       "version": "0.0.1",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "workspaces": [
-        "life2/simulator"
+        "life2/simulator",
+        "life2/game",
+        "life2/format"
       ],
       "devDependencies": {
         "eslint": "8.57.0",
@@ -17,6 +19,27 @@
         "jsdoc": "4.0.2"
       }
     },
+    "life2/format": {
+      "name": "@life2/format",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@life2/game": "1.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "individual",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nc0fr"
+      }
+    },
+    "life2/game": {
+      "name": "@life2/game",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "individual",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nc0fr"
+      }
+    },
     "life2/simulator": {
       "name": "@nc0/life2-simulator",
       "version": "1.0.0",
@@ -148,6 +171,14 @@
         "node": ">=v12.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@life2/format": {
+      "resolved": "life2/format",
+      "link": true
+    },
+    "node_modules/@life2/game": {
+      "resolved": "life2/game",
+      "link": true
+    },
     "node_modules/@nc0/life2-simulator": {
       "resolved": "life2/simulator",
       "link": true
@@ -1266,67 +1297,6 @@
         "node": ">=4.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/eslint/node_modules/find-up": {
-      "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/find-up/-/find-up-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-78/PXT1wlLLDgTzDs7sjq9hzz0vXD+zn+7wypEe4fXQxCmdmqfGsEPQxmiCSQI3ajFV91bVSsvNtrJRiW6nGng==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "locate-path": "^6.0.0",
-        "path-exists": "^4.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/eslint/node_modules/locate-path": {
-      "version": "6.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/locate-path/-/locate-path-6.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iPZK6eYjbxRu3uB4/WZ3EsEIMJFMqAoopl3R+zuq0UjcAm/MO6KCweDgPfP3elTztoKP3KtnVHxTn2NHBSDVUw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "p-locate": "^5.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/eslint/node_modules/p-limit": {
-      "version": "3.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-limit/-/p-limit-3.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TYOanM3wGwNGsZN2cVTYPArw454xnXj5qmWF1bEoAc4+cU/ol7GVh7odevjp1FNHduHc3KZMcFduxU5Xc6uJRQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "yocto-queue": "^0.1.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/eslint/node_modules/p-locate": {
-      "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-locate/-/p-locate-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-LaNjtRWUBY++zB5nE/NwcaoMylSPk+S+ZHNB1TzdbMJMny6dynpAGt7X/tl/QYq3TIeE6nxHppbo2LGymrG5Pw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "p-limit": "^3.0.2"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/esniff": {
       "version": "2.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/esniff/-/esniff-2.0.1.tgz",
@@ -1521,6 +1491,22 @@
         "node": "^10.12.0 || >=12.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/find-up": {
+      "version": "5.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/find-up/-/find-up-5.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-78/PXT1wlLLDgTzDs7sjq9hzz0vXD+zn+7wypEe4fXQxCmdmqfGsEPQxmiCSQI3ajFV91bVSsvNtrJRiW6nGng==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "locate-path": "^6.0.0",
+        "path-exists": "^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/flat-cache": {
       "version": "3.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/flat-cache/-/flat-cache-3.2.0.tgz",
@@ -2154,6 +2140,21 @@
         "uc.micro": "^1.0.1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/locate-path": {
+      "version": "6.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/locate-path/-/locate-path-6.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iPZK6eYjbxRu3uB4/WZ3EsEIMJFMqAoopl3R+zuq0UjcAm/MO6KCweDgPfP3elTztoKP3KtnVHxTn2NHBSDVUw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "p-locate": "^5.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/lodash": {
       "version": "4.17.21",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz",
@@ -2344,6 +2345,36 @@
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/p-limit": {
+      "version": "3.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-limit/-/p-limit-3.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TYOanM3wGwNGsZN2cVTYPArw454xnXj5qmWF1bEoAc4+cU/ol7GVh7odevjp1FNHduHc3KZMcFduxU5Xc6uJRQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "yocto-queue": "^0.1.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/p-locate": {
+      "version": "5.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-locate/-/p-locate-5.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LaNjtRWUBY++zB5nE/NwcaoMylSPk+S+ZHNB1TzdbMJMny6dynpAGt7X/tl/QYq3TIeE6nxHppbo2LGymrG5Pw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "p-limit": "^3.0.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/parent-module": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parent-module/-/parent-module-1.0.1.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b9fff31..4a5f59f 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://github.com/nc0fr/life2#readme",
   "workspaces": [
-    "life2/simulator"
+    "life2/simulator",
+    "life2/game",
+    "life2/format"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "lint": "eslint .",